Therapeutic Human Monoclonal Antibodies 22

Satish Kumar Gupta and Piyush Chaudhary

Abstract

Since the discovery of obtaining mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in 1975

by somatic cell hybridization, there have been rapid developments to use

antibodies as therapeutics. To minimize human anti-murine antibody immune

response, initially mouse-human chimeric antibodies (constant region of mouse

MAb replaced with human antibody) have been developed. Subsequently using

recombinant DNA technologies, humanized antibodies wherein only the

complementarity-determining regions of the mouse MAb have been grafted

onto the human antibody backbone followed by the development of fully

human MAbs from phage-display technology, humanized mouse, or single-B

cell polymerase chain reaction from immunized/infected human subjects have

also been generated. Based on clinical applications, various formats of human

antibodies such as single-chain variable fragment (scFv), bispecific antibody,

antibody-drug conjugate, fragment antigen-binding (Fab), etc. have been devel-

oped. As of 2018, 64 antibodies have been approved by the US Food and Drug

Administration for clinical use. The majority of these antibodies are used for the

treatment of cancers, transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease,

psoriasis, viral infections, macular degeneration, anthrax, etc. In future, it is

anticipated that therapeutic antibodies will be developed against other diseases

and their use increases substantially and will constitute as one of the major

portfolios of the pharmaceutical/biotech industries.

S. K. Gupta (*) · P. Chaudhary

Present address: Basic Medical Sciences Division, Indian Council of Medical Research,

V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India

e-mail: skgupta@nii.ac.in

# The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte

Ltd. 2022

R. C. Sobti, N. S. Dhalla (eds.), Biomedical Translational Research,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9232-1_22

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